理化因子对多变鱼腥藻溶血素活性的影响

采用对兔血红细胞的溶血实验,测定和分析了多变鱼腥藻(Anabaena variabilis OL S1)培养液在不同生长时期的溶血活性以及温度、pH和金属离子等理化因子对其溶血素活性的影响.结果表明,在对数生长中期多变鱼腥藻开始向胞外分泌活性较高的溶血性毒素,在稳定期溶血活性达到最高.4℃低温几乎完全抑制了溶血素活性;在溶血反应最初的30 min内,溶血活性随着温度的升高而迅速增强;但在反应持续60 min后,16～37℃温度下溶血素活性趋于一致;溶血素在偏酸性条件下活性较高,而pH为7.2～9.0时活性无明显差异;Mg2 、Ca2 能显著增加其溶血活性,Cu2 、Mn2 则显著抑制其活性,Ge2 、Fe3 、Zn2 对其影响不大.红细胞膜组分胆固醇、鞘磷脂和卵磷脂均能竞争性结合溶血素,显著抑制溶血反应,因此可能是溶血素在红细胞膜上的作用受体.     

镉"加标"沉积物对泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)生物毒性研究

选择泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudaus)作为受试生物,以泥鳅死亡率、血液红细胞数量、红细胞体积、红细胞微核率和核异常率作为测试指标,考察了沉积物中"加标"金属镉(Cd)的毒性状况,探讨了水体沉积物中重金属的生物毒性影响.结果表明:高有机质的粘土粉砂性沉积物能够有效吸附重金属镉;镉加标暴露组泥鳅的死...     

克山病病区低硒粮喂养的豚鼠红细胞内Na~+浓度变化的研究

豚鼠分别喂以克山病病区粮(低硒)和非病区粮(硒含量正常),借助合成的D_Y(PPP)_2~(-7)位移试剂用XL-400NMR谱仪直接测试完整红细胞内Na~+的NMR谱,并定量计算细胞内Na~+浓度,发现低硒的病区粮饲养的豚鼠红细胞内Na~+浓度显著高于正常组;病区粮喂养的豚鼠红细胞在老化条件下细胞溶血比非病区严重。     

Carbofuran-induced effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in erythrocytes and liver of Cyprinus carpio

A study was conducted to determine the effects of long-term exposure to carbofuran on erythrocyte and liver acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in Cyprinus carpio, and assess which tissue was more sensitive to pesticide exposure examining this enzyme. Fish were allowed to accilimatize in toxicant-free water for 24 days after 60-day exposure. AChE activity was determined with a spectrophotometer using acetylthiocholine iodide as a substrate in erythrocytes and liver. Enzymic activity of erythrocytes and liver decreased over time. A higher degree of enzyme inhibition was observed in erythrocyte compared to liver. The degree of enzyme inhibition was positively correlated with exposure time. When exposed fish were transferred to clean water, recovery was greater in erythrocytes than liver. Erythrocyte AChE activity recovered after 18 days, while it required 21 days in liver. The findings of this study indicate that erythrocyte AChE is more sensitive to carbofuran than liver. The greater sensitivity of erythrocyte AChE suggests that it may be more useful as a biomarker for monitoring status of pollution in freshwater bodies.     

克山病病区低硒粮喂养的豚鼠红细胞内Na+浓度变化的研究

豚鼠分别喂以克山病病区粮（低硒）和非病区粮（硒含量正常）,借助合成的D_Y（PPP）₂^-7位移试剂用XL-400NMR谱仪直接测试完整红细胞内Na⁺的NMR谱,并定量计算细胞内Na⁺浓度,发现低硒的病区粮饲养的豚鼠红细胞内Na⁺浓度显著高于正常组;病区粮喂养的豚鼠红细胞在老化条件下细胞溶血比非病区严重。     

Possible effect of gestational age on the detection of fetal nucleated erythrocytes in maternal blood

Maternal venous blood samples, obtained from six pregnant women, were used as a source of fetal nucleated erythrocytes (NRBC). Fetal cell enrichment was potentiated by flow sorting with the monoclonal antibodies Tf R, Leu-4, and Leu-M3. Single copy Y chromosomal DNA sequences were detected in samples obtained from two women at 11 and 12 weeks' gestation. Y DNA sequences were absent in a subsequent sample from one of these women at 19 weeks and in two other women at 16 and 20 weeks. All four women delivered males. Y DNA sequences were not detected in two women who delivered females. By combining these results with prior data on the detection of Y chromosomal DNA sequences in maternal blood from male-bearing pregnancies, a relationship between gestational age and feta-maternal transfer of NRBC is suggested.     

用自旋标记方法研究环境诱变剂对健康人红细胞膜动态性质的影响

健康人的完整血红细胞膜用脂肪酸自旋标记物Ⅰ(12,3)和Ⅰ(1,14)标记,测得其ESR波谱·氟化钠、重铬酸钾、丝裂霉素C和秋水仙素等环境诱变剂较显著地改变膜的序参数S和旋转相关时间,尤在膜表层,S和明显增大。温度曲线表明,人血的完整红细胞膜的相变点在膜表层和深层分别是38℃和40.0℃。在诱变剂作用下,膜类酯的动力学性质有明显变化。     

大亚湾核电站运转前后附近地区动物体肝组织、红细胞中超氧物歧化酶活性

本文采用邻苯三酚自氧化法，测定了大亚湾核电站Ⅰ、Ⅱ号机组运转前与后第１年、第２年附近地区动物体肝组织及红细胞中超氧物歧化酶（ＥＣ１．１５．１．１Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ，ＳＯＤ）活性变化，结果发现Ⅰ、Ⅱ号机组运转后第１年与第２年，鱼类，细鳞（ＴｈｅｒａｐｏｎＪａｒｂｕａ）红细胞与肝组织中ＳＯＤ活性较运转前明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），血红蛋白略有下降，肝组织蛋白无明显变化，两栖类动物蟾蜍（Ｂｕｆｏｍｅｌａｎｏｓｔｉｃｔｕｓ）红细胞ＳＯＤ活性运转后亦明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），但肝组织中ＳＯＤ活性呈现下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），血红蛋白及肝组织蛋白无明显性变化，本文对其变化可能原因进行了讨论。     

Development of non-invasive fetal DNA diagnosis from maternal blood

Several attempts have been made to detect and retrieve fetal nucleated cells including nucleated erythrocytes (NRBCs), leukocytes, and trophoblasts in maternal blood. We have recently developed a new method for non-invasive fetal DNA diagnosis from maternal blood. Peripheral blood granulocytes including NRBCs were isolated by a discontinuous density gradient method using Percoll (Pharmasia). NRBCs were found and retrieved at a single cell level using a micromanipulator under a microscope. To determine whether the origin of the NRBCs was maternal or fetal, the NRBCs were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification to determine the presence of a Y-chromosome-specific repeat sequence in mothers carrying male fetuses. We were successful in predicting fetal sex accurately in 10 out of 11 samples taken from maternal blood. This new technique opens up fetal DNA diagnosis from maternal blood during the first trimester of pregnancy to the whole population because there is no risk to the fetus or the mother.     

低浓度五氯酚对鲫鱼血液细胞毒性的体外研究

通过细胞体外毒性试验,研究了低浓度五氯酚对鲫鱼血液淋巴细胞和红细胞的毒性影响.结果表明:在2.50—1000.00μg·l-1范围内,五氯酚对鲫鱼淋巴细胞的活性没有显著效应,但在500.00和1000.00μg·l-1(高浓度组)时,对淋巴细胞膜的完整性产生显著影响,造成乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)相对释放量增加,并随五氯酚浓度的增加和暴露时间的延长而增加.低浓度五氯酚组(5.00—1000.00μg·l-1)对红细胞溶血没有显著影响,但与二苯并[a,h]蒽联合作用产生协同效应,红细胞溶血效应明显高于两种化合物单独作用,并且随浓度的增加,血色素相对释放量显著增加.另外,鲫鱼淋巴细胞膜的完整性(LDH的释放)比淋巴细胞活性和红细胞溶血对低浓度五氯酚更敏感.